Measure Words
Two with a measure word
When the following case appears:
Two + Measure + Noun,
Then in such cases.
Ø
Two is “Liang3”
Ø
Two is not “er”
Ø
If the “two” refers to a personal pronoun like
we or you(as in both of you), then one may write lia3 instead of liang 3ge
Question words
Ø
Question word is always placed in a sentence
where the answers to the question is expected to be
Ø
“ne” is often used with sentences having
question words. It gives the sentence a softening effect and helps the sentence
to feel more balanced
Ø
“ma” particle is not added to sentences with
question words
Le (-verbal suffix)
Ø
it is put after the verb to indicate that the
action of the verb has been completed
i.e verb + le = the action of the
verb in done
eg: Wang fei chi le fan/Wang fei has eaten.
Zhang wenfei jie hun le ma?/ Is
zhang weifei married(already)?
Ø
Positive complete action is verb + le
Eg: Ni kan le ma?/You saw?
Ø
Negative answer is made by removing the “le” and
adding mei you before the verb
Mei you / mei + verb / mei you +
verb
eg: wo mei kan /I haven’t seen (it)
Ø
“le” is almost every time to be found with
adverb “tai/too”
eg: na tai hao le/that’s too good
Verb Object Construction
Certain verbs in Chinese always occur with an object
attached to them.
They never appear independently.
These verbs are always written as verb+object.
Eg: chi1 means to eat. Chi can not occur on its own.
One has to always write chi fan(lit. eat rice)
There “wo chi” is a wrong way to say “I eat”
Correct way is “wo chi fan”/I eat.
But if you eat baozi/bun, then the fill in object “fan” is
replaced by baozi.
Eg: wo chi fan baozi is wrong
Wo chi baozi
Adverb jiu
Ø
Jiu never preceeds noun or pronoun
Ø
It is used to join two clauses
Marker de
Marker de is used to join two nouns, where the preceding
noun is subordinate to the following noun.
Ø
Main idea is what the one about whom the
information is to be given.
Subordinate noun is simply additional information about the
main idea
Ø
Syntax: Subordinate noun + de + main idea.
Eg: gege de duixiang/ girl friend of brother
Zhuozi de
pangbian/ (the one) adjacent to the table
Pengyou de nvhai/
daughter of friend
Here duixiang, pangbian and nvhai are the main idea.
Ø
de must not be confused as a possessive marker
eg: zhuozi de pangbian does not mean that the table belongs
to the adjacent. There is ownership on part of mr.Pangbian on the table!
Ø
In close relations de is not used to show the
relationship
Eg: wo baba/my father instead of
wo de baba
Wo jiejie instead/my eldersister of wo
de jiejie
Adverbial phrases of
time:
Adverbial phrase of time (appears first) > Verb (appears
later in the sentence)
The adverbial phrase of time precedes the verb in a
sentence.
Reverse of the English usage.
Similar to the Hindi usage.
Eg: Wo mingtian qu kan
ta. I will go tomorrow to see him.
No comments:
Post a Comment